[Evaluation the metoprolol effects in controlled hypotension and reduction of bleeding during head and neck surgery]

Intraoperative bleeding, which reduces visibility in the operative field, is one of the major problems of head and neck surgeries. Improvement of intraoperative visibility and reduction of bleeding is an important task for an anesthetist during head and neck surgery. It has been shown that preoperative beta-blockade decreases bleeding during the operation. In a 18 month period, 88 patients, who were candidate for nasal procedures in hazrat Rasul medical complex, were selected in a randomized open clinical trial study. They were divided to 4 groupes: 50 mg metoprolol at night before surgery 50 mg metoprolol in the morning of the surgery 50 mg metoprolol at night before surgery and in the morning of the surgery placebo Heart rate, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured in a non-invasive way just both upon arrival on the operation bed and after induction of anesthesia during operation. For evaluation of the visibility of the operative field during operation the quality scale proposed by Fromm and Boezzart was used. SPSS 13 was used for assessment. There was significant relationship between metoprolol administration and bleeding during the operation. All patients who received two doses of metoprolol one in the last night and another in the morning of the operation day had only mild bleeding. There was statistically significant relation between agitation and time of administration of metoprolol. Nowadays, there are growing evidences that not only decrease in systolic blood pressure but also a low heart rate [< 60 beats per minute] can minimize surgical bleeding. Both of the above mentioned effects could be induced by beta blockers. In this study, two doses of metoprolol could decrease the amount of bleeding and improve the operation field significantly and also could decrease the agitation in recovery room

Preozonation and prechlorination effects on TOC removal by nanofiltration in water treatment

In this study, NF membrane was used for surface water treatment. The rejection of organic material, measured as Total organic carbon [TOC], by Nanofiltration was examined. The effects of application of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination on TOC removal are discussed and their performances are compared with the performances of Nanofiltraion system without pretreatment process. In NF, natural organic rejection is high and no pre-treatment are required. Coagulation targets large hydrophobic organics which foul NF membranes by precipitation and gel layer formation. The results showed that TOC removal in Preozonation-coagulation was higher than prechlorination-Coagulation. In addition pretreatment increases Nanofiltration efficiency

[Assessment of aqueous extract of seed of cuminum cyminum L. on neurogenic and inflammatory pain in mice]

The side effects of antinoceception chemical drugs, induced notice to many medical plants [Cuminum cyminum L.] which have modulatory effect in pain. The present work investigated the effects of aqueous extract of Cuminum cyminum [CC] on neurogenic and inflamatory pain in Formalin test in mice. 50 male albino mice [20-30 gr] were used. CC [200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg] and saline were injected 30 min before formaline test. Indices of signs were licking and foot elavation for assessment of acute pain [5 min] and chronic pain [15-40 min] after injection of formaline 5% [25 micro l] in paw. Results indicated that CC has analgesic effect in all doses [p<0.01] but 200 mg/kg in acute phase and 1000 mg/kg in chronic phase was more effective. Finding showed that aqueous extract of CC can modulate acute and chronic pain. Further research is required to determine the mechanism [s] by which CC has an inhibitory effect on pain sensation

[Effect of allium sativum extract on acid and pepsin secretion in basal condition and stimulated with pentagastrin in rat]

Allium Sativum [garlic] is used widely in the world and especially in Iran. This plant is used in cooking food as an odorant. In Iran it is believed that it is useful for gastrointestinal disorders. So in this study the effect of Allium Sativumextract on acid and pepsin secretion in rat is investigated. This experimental study is performed on two groups of rats [12 in each group: control group and allium sativum group]. After anesthesia with nesdonal [50 mg/kg, ip], rats had gone under surgical tracheotomy, laparatomy and gasterodeodenostomy. In garlic group Allium Sativum extract [100mg/kg] was introduced into the stomach by gasterodeodenostomy canula. In order to stimulation of acid and pepsin secretion, Pentagastrin was used [25mcg/kg, ip]. Stomach secretion was washed out and acid was measured using titerimetery and pepsin using Anson method. Data was analyzed using T test. Allium Sativum caused a meaningful increase in acid and pepsin secretion in garlic group comparing to control group [p<0.001]. Pentagastrin also increased acid and pepsin secretion in control group [p<0.001]. Using garlic in nutritional regimen causes an increase in acid and pepsin secretion in those using this plant